Knitted fabric



May 21, 1935. A v. LoMBARDl :2,002,271

` KNITTED FABRIC Filed Oct. 18. 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet l /hvemrs l/fncenflombardi May 21, 1935. `v. LOMBARD-l 2,002,271 Y KNITTED FABRIC FiledOczt.y 18, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet y3 All /45 l//ncan Lombard/f May 21,193s. y; LOMBARD, 2,002,271

KNITTED FABRIC Filed oct., 18, 1933V 5 sheetssheet 4 /nVenfo/l.'

V/'ncem Lombardi 240 MAQ/MQW, myx

Patented May 21, 1935 U'Nl'riao STATE-s Pilx'riilvr QFFIcE -KNITTEDFABRIC Vincent Lombardi, Garden Ci'ty, N. Y. Application october 1s,1933; `sensu No. 694,042 s'cicims. (ci. 66-169) 'i 'I'his inventionrelates to knitted fabrics 4parf- The invention will be betterunderstood by ticularly of the type employing yarn ofdifferent referenceto the following detailed description characteristicsin producingpattern effects and taken' in connection with the accompanying whereincertain yarns in certain portinsof the drawings in Which i 5 fabric areconcealed behindloops of other yarn. Fig. 1 `represents schematicallythe reverse of 5 An object ls to provide improved and novel patva twocolor fabric where each color is fed singly; tern effects and in certainembodiments to pro- Fig. 2 is an edgeview ofthe fabric of Fig. 1; videpattern effects onthe rear side ofthe fabric Fig. 3 is the schematic ofa three color fabric, suitable to be used as the exposed side of agarreverse side, knitting one at a time and in roi ment manufacturedtherefrom. tation;

` As to another important feature itrmay be Fig. 4 S the Schematic.reverse Side, 0f a tWO noted that while the interlock fabric of U. s.color fabric similar to Fig. 1 except two yarns of patent #1,426,576issued Aug 22, l1922,15 satis.'l each color alternate with two yarns ofthe other factory for a two color fabric, it is generally un- 001er; i1:, satisfactory .for threeor more color knitting Eig. 5 is similar t0Fig. 4 eXCeDt that each C0101' 15 because of undue thickness andoperating difliknitSl four yarns before the feeding 0f the othercuitiesin its production on e singie rowof needles. color yarn and showsthe general appearance of A particular object of this invention is toprovide the fabric; t i athree or more color fabric comparatively thin,Fig- 6 is `the geriereieppearenee of the reverse 20 capable of beingproduced on a single row of side of a fabric as in Fig. 5 where severalyarns 20 needles, and having k'each eoior yarn form blocks of oneoo1o11` alternate with a' corresponding numor stripes of jersey` stitchwith the other color ber of the other color; yarns concealed in the rearthereof, until a Wale Fig- 7 EiveS the front appearance 0f iShe fabricis Areached where another color yarn comes to of Fig- 5 the front forforming jersey stitches, thereby Fig. 8 is the schematic, reverse side,of a fabric 25 producing a fabric of three or more colorsin Similar G0Fig- 4 eXCeDtthe yarnSof Only one which each portion is distinctly adefinite desired 00101 Skip the `formation of loops to give the coiorwithout having the front eoiormixed in loose yarns previously mentioned;withcoiors of yarns forming ioops in other por- Fis. 9 is' the generalappearance of Fis. 8,

'30 tions.V It is contemplated that the some effect reverse side,showing the bulging or puirms to- 30 may bedesirable for three orV moreyarns of. any Wards the .front diie t0 Yarns 0f only One color differingcharacteristic or for 4that ,matter all Skipping the formation Of loops;l f yarns may be identieeL A Fig. 10 is the same as Fig. 9 exceptitshows the The general principle of` the invention is to front Side 0fthe fabric; 3;, have one or moresuccessively fed lyarns to form Fg- 11iS en edge 0I1`vieW 0f Fi8 10;` 35

loops in contiguous wales androwsiond in the Fig. 12 is'similar toFig. 5except that all yarns portionso formed to passsubsequendy fed yarns formloops in a wolebetween the two looped porloosely behindsaidwales; andthen towhave said '510115 0f different c0101's; loose yarns in turnformfregular loops in 'a plu- Fig- 1 3 iS the general appearance 0f thefront of 40 ralty of` contiguous walesl and rows with yarns` Fig. 12

. normally knitting in seidufst pei-tion passing Fig. 14Aisthejschematic of a four color fabric, loosely behind the loops in thesecond portion. reverse Side, with the f011r COlOrS knitting one atIf'desired there may be a Wale between vsaidtwo` o time, and forming theaforementioned loose portions Awhere all yarns knit to produce a firmeryarns; l i

4:, .connection between the two` portions. `It; may Fig. 14BisSrnilartOFig- 14AeXeeDt that the 45 i also be desirable in one or morewales `of one loose yarnsjare periodically interlocked in wales portionto tie in one o r Aa pluralityv ofthe loose of the yarn leepebehindWhiehtheylie; yarns, as by interlocking for example, between Fig. 15 isajdetail of the interlock feature of two lopsin adjacent rows. Such abunching of Fig. 14B; i e

5.0 the loose yarns when applied at various points Fig. 16 is thegeneral appearance of the reverse* inthe fabric producesanernbroideryeifect which of a fabric as in Fig. 6 except having theloose renders the reverse side of the fabriddesirable yarns tied-in asin'ig.` 14B; as the exposed side in garment manufacture. ,l'ig. 1'7 isthe schematic of the rear of a fabric Other features of the inventionwill-V appear in somewhat like Fig. Shut with the loose yarn por- 5 thefollowing detailed description. tions staggered 'ondiagonals instead ofvertically 55 and horizontally and with the loose yarns tied in as inFig. 15;

Fig.18 is the general appearance of a fabric as Fig. 17, also the rearview;

Fig. 19 shows the peculiar type of bias produced with a group 'of yarnsknitting throughoutl the fabric alternating with groups of yarnsalternately looping and forming loose yarns, in staggered lwales thesaid loose yarns being tied as in Fig. 15 the reverse side of the fabricbeing shown;

Fig.20 is the general appearance of a fabric as in Fig. 19, also reverseside;

Fig. 21 is the front view of a four color fabric like that of Fig. 14B;

Fig. 22 is the front view of a two color fabric,

`each color four wales wide;

Fig. 23 illustrates various possible treatments of the yarn bundles onthe rear of the fabric;

Fig. 24 is an alternative to the arrangements of Fig. 23 and a furtherdevelopment of a part of Fig. 23;

Fig. 25 represents how the rear yarn bundles may be treated to formpleats in the front of the fabric;

Fig.`26 is an edge view ofthe fabric of Fig. 25; Fig. 27 representsschematically various choices of Wales in which the loose yarns may betied in certain fabrics of this invention; and

Figs. 28 and 29 show modified fabrics. Referring particularly to Fig. 1the schematic form of the reverse side of a knitted fabric shown thereinillustratesv a form of pattern in which yarns of two colors areemployed, each yarn knitting 4alternately in several successive rows,the alternate yarns being of one color andthe remaining yarns of adifferent color. Thus yarns 30, 32, 34, 36, 38 are of one color andyarns 3|, 33, 35, 31 of a different color. Yarn 30 forms loops in eightsuccessive wales from Wale 39to Wale 40, then passes to the rear of thefabric where it follows an unlooped path for eight Wales from Wale 4| toWale 42 where it lies behind the loops of a previously fed yarn 3| whichis of the other color. After wale 42, yarn 30 begins looping again andforms regular loops in six Wales ending the section A. `In section B allyarns form loops so that section B when viewed from the front is amixture of the two colors. It is apparent that section C is a repetitionof section A. Yarn 3| between wales' 39 and 40 lies behind the loops ofyarn 32, forms loops in wales 4| to 42 and lies behind the loops of yarn32 in wales 43 to 44. The path for each of the yarns 32, 34, 36 and 38is the same as for yarn 30 while the path for each of the yarns 33, 35,and 31 is the same as for yarn 3|. Thus the front of the fabric betweenwales 39 and 40 and between wales 43 and 44 will be of the color of yarn30, while in wales 4| to 42 the color will be that of yarn 3|. In eachpart of section A there is yarn passing behind each series of loops ofthe other color. This arrangement therefore forms wide vertical stripesof alternate colors in the fabric, that is stripes running at rightangles to the direction each yarn is fed to the needles. Furthermorethere is no chance for anygyarn lying behind regular loops to showthrough the fabric when viewed from the front. The feature of Fig. 1 istherefore that yarns of each color .form loops in several successivewales and then for several wales pass behind several successive wales ofloops of yarn of the other color. Another important feature is havingthe long unlooped portion of each yarn lie behind loops of a previouslyfed yarn, as in Fig. 1 the knitting is from bottom to top. The loops insection B are shown smaller than the size of those in section A, but theshowing in this figure as in other schematic views such as Figs. 3v and4 does not necessarily show the true relative loop sizes as in realitythe various loops will tend to be of the same size,I tending to puckerthe fabric which may later be pressed out.

Fig. 2 is an edge view of the fabric of Fig. 1, the dotted portionsrepresenting loops in the front of the fabric and the long straightlines representing the unlooped lengths of each color yarn lying behindloops of the other yarn color. 'Ihus we may assume that the figuretraces the paths for yarns 30 and 3|.

Fig. `3 applies the principles of Fig. 1 to a threecolor fabric. Thusyarn 45 of one color .atithe left of the figure forms loops in eightsuccessive wales, then is passed to the rear of the fabric where itextends in a substantially straight path behind eight successive walesof loops of a previously fed yarn 46 of a second color, then continuesinthe rear of the fabric for eight more wales of loops of a previously'fed yarn 41 of the third color, after which yarn 45 again forms loopsin the front of the fabric for a desired number of wa1es,`re`peating ifdesired the pattern effect just described. Thus each color yarn formsloops for a desired number of wales then passes to the rear of thefabric where it lies in a substantially straight path behind loops ofthe other two yarns of different colors without being'` caught in theknitting along said pathv until it again begins to form loops in thefront of the fabric. It will lbe apparent therefore that' each series ofloops of yarn of one color; has behind the loops a straight portion ofyarn of the second color and a straight portion of yarn of thethirdcolor. Yarns 48 and 5| are of the same color as yarn 45 and followsimilar paths; yarn 48 is of the same color as yarn 46 and follows asimilar path; and yarn 5l) is the same color as yarn 41 and follows asimilar path. Thus inv Fig. 3 every third fed yarn is of the same color.The view of Fig. 3 is of course schematic and taken from the rear thenormal fabric would be more tightly knitted. It will be apparent thatthe front of the fabric will have solid vertical stripes of the threedifferent colors, each eight wales wide or any other desired width, andeach stripe viewed from the front will not disclose the yarn of theother colors. l

Fig. 4 is also a schematic showing but in this case two yarns of eachcolor are fed in succession followed by two successively fed yarns ofthe secondr color and then repeating. Thus yarns 52, 53 are of the samecolor and each forms loops in six wales from Wale 54 to Wale 55, theloops of yarn 52 being shown the larger, although in the actual fabricthe knitting will result in loops of all about the same size, see Figure5. The two yarns V54, A55 then pass to the rear of the fabric Wheretheyboth lie behind a row of loops of yarn 56 which is of a differentcolor, after which they begin the formation of regular loops. Yarn 56,51 of a color differing from yarn 52 lie together behind the row ofloops of yarn 58 from Wale 54 to Wale 55, there form loops in the nextsix wales and repeat the process. Yarn 52, v53, 58, 59, 62, and 63 areof one color while yarns 56, 51, 6U, and 6| are of the second color. Thefront appearance is substantially the same as in Fig. 1 namely solidvertical stripes of the two colors.

Fig. is an extension ofthe feature of Fig. 4 except that foursuccessively fed yarns are of the same color. Fig. 5 also asin previousfigures tuckinggeffe'ct at the junction of sections F andl voi.' asecond color.

shows the reverse of the fabric but instead of being schematic vit showsthe naturaly distribution of the fabric resulting from the particulartype of knitting shown therein. In section D the` loops are allsubstantially the same size and are all of thesame colr. In section Eall of the loops are l Each group of four yarnsof the first colorforming loops in section D are hunched in yparallel pathsM behind theloops in 'section E; ywhile each group of four yarns of the second colorare bunched vin parallel paths behind the loops in sectionvD. Thetransition from vsection D to section E gives a marked characteristic inthe front of thev fabric as each group of yarns ceases forming loops andretires to the back of thefabric and vice versa. Theloose yarns fromright side of `section E are shown broken off to show uniform knittingto the right of section E.

Fig. 6 shows the general appearance of the rear of a fabric made inaccordance with Fig. 5 each color group consisting of any number ofyarns as many as eight for example. Section F Fig. 6 represents allloops of the first color and periodically on the back thereof arebunched the group 4of yarns eight for example which do not form loops insection F but do in-section `G. The next section to the right of sectionG,

isthe same as section F, the next the same as section G, etc. Forexample the parallel yarns eight for example in group 10 form loops insections F and H but in 'section'G lie behind the loops of ,yarn of theother color. `The peculiar G should be noted as it forms an importantcharacteristic of pattern effect of this invention.

Figure '7 shows in perspective the appearance of the front 'of a fabricmade in accordance with Fig`.5. Section F is composed of loops of allthel same color; the same as section H, while section G is a solidstripe of a different color. In having eight for example successivelyfed yarns form loopsA say in section F and then have all eight pass tothe rear'of loops in section G of yarn which was in the rear of'secftion`F gives a unique pattern effect where eachgroup of eightis tucked inunder the regularlyformed loops of the other` color. Note that forexample the edges of sec-- "tion F lat the points 1|V to 14 are'notdirectly looped in with the loops of theyarns in adjacentl sections butmerely lie1 on top of the other color yarns which are passing to therear at the designated points. That is, the loops in the last Waleformed in section F (refer also to Fig. 5)

are` not interlooped with the loops inv the first wale formed in sectionG, so that loose edges are formed along the sides of each stripe butV`not in such a manner as to permit unraveling or destruction of thefabric. Y

Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 illustrate another type of pattern effect thatmay be produced in accord-` ance wtih this invention; In Fig. 8 the rearof a two color fabric is schematically disclosed in lwhich yarns of onlyone color skip the formation of loops as in Fig. l. Thus yarns to 88areA of lone colorand allthe other yarns are of a second color.4 Thusbeginning at the `left yarns 80 to 84 lie `behind loops in several walesof loops of the second color then form loops in the regular .e fabric ofFig. 8, will look quite different because isvof ycourse of the rear ofthefabric.

of the fact that the periodic failure of the yarns of one color to formloops is not compensated for by corresponding unlooped prtions of thesecond color. l This results in a pinching or a bulging of` the blocksof loops of yarns80 to 84 away from the average surface of the fabric.This crowding and consequent bulging of the loops of yarns 80 to 84 isshown more clearlyV in Fig. 9 which shows the actual distortion of thefabricof Fig. 8 also viewed'from the rear. In the upper central portionof Fig.9 will be seen the resulting crowding of theloopsof yarns 80 to84 causing them to project away from the front of course be distributedthroughout the fabric to create any desired pattern effect. Thus Fig. 10

represents a front view of such a fabric as that of Fig. 9 where eachshaded block suchas block is an outwardly bulging portion say of blackon a background of the yarn of the other color, white for example. Aside view of the fabric of Fig. l0 is shown in Fig. 11 where the bulgesabove the level of the main fabric arershown at the left of the gure,such as at points 9|, S2.

It has been pointed out above in connection with Fig. 5 the looseconnection' between adjacent sections such as sections D and E, due tothe fact that the loops in the last wale of D are of one color yarnonly, while all the loopsA in the first Wale of section E are of theother color yarn exclusively;V If desired an improved connecting linkbetween such sections can be provided by havinga wale between sections Dand E where all yarns of both colors knit regular loops. This is`exemplified in Fig. l2 where section Mis composed exclusively of loopsof one color yarn, section N composed exclusively of loops of the secondcolor yarn, the second color yarn, lying in hunched parallel paths inthe rear of section M and the first color yarns lying in hunchedparallel paths in the rear of section N, much as in Fig. 5 except thatbetween sections M and N there isa wale 94 where yarns of both colorsknit in succession to provide a more binding connection between the twosections. The view in Fig. l2 A front view of the fabric of Fig. 12isshown in Fig. 13

which gives the general appearance. Sections O and Q are of one colorand sections P and R of a second color. The general appearance isdifferent from Fig. 6, giving a raggededge toward other sections with aninterlocking effect like gearing. Y

Fig. 14 section A is a rear View schematically yarns unattachedto thefabric of thesaid otherv color yarns in its rearward path, each yarnbeing taken up in the knitting only in the wales where it forms regularloops. y l

In Fig. 14 section B a new feature isintroduced in the knitting. Thetransition between sections Aand B Fig. 14 is not fully disclosed assection B may be treated as a separate fabric. Fig. 14 section B is alsoof four color knitting one at a time and in rotation.' For simplicitylet us designate by one character all yarns in this section of the samecolor. Portion a comprises loops entirely of yarn |00; portion b byentirely yarn lill; portion c entirely .yarn' |02 and portion d sectionB are made in the of the unlooped entirely yarn |03; said four yarnsbeing of different colors. In the middle wale of portion b the loops ofyarn IOI have periodically interlocked therein in the rear of the fabricthe three adjacent yarns |00, |02. and |03 of .the yother three colors.Thus at the point I 04 after the formation of the loop |05 of yarn IOIthe next three yarns fed of the three other colors are caught on theneedle which formed loop |05 but without knittingI the same Yand whenthe next fed color yarn IOI comes around the said three unlooped yarnsfall below the needle latch, loop |06 is formed and as a result thesaidthree yarns are interlocked between'loops |05 and |00` in the mannerdescribed in my U. S. Patent #1,426,576 issued Aug. 22, 1922. The otherinterlocking points in same manner. It should be noted that in thisfigure the only interlocking yarns takes place in the middle wale ofeach color stripe but the interlocking can take place in any desiredWale. Since the interlocking ineach portion takes place between loops ofsuccessively fed yarns it follows that the corresponding interlockingpoints of portions a, b, c, and d are not on a horizontal line but on adiagonal. It should also be remembered that section B Fig. k14 isschematic but the actualdetails of the knitting would be as shown inFig. 15 which is an enlarged reproduction of point |04 of Fig. 14.Further description of Fig. 15 is believed unnecessary,- except toemphasize that Fig. 14B is the samefabric as Fig. 14A save fortheinterlocking and consequent bunching of the loose yarns, also it is notnecessary to'interlockthe loose yarns in every section.

'I'he general appearance of a fabric such as shown in Fig. Gwhen modiedto have the loose yarns tied or interlocked one or more times in therear of each colored stripe is shown in Fig. 16. Such a fabric hasdesirable pattern characteristics on its reverse side so that itfrequently is desirable to use the reverse side of such a fabric as theexposed side'of a garment made thereof. It will be obvious from theforegoing that points such as ||0 in Fig. 16 represents tying orinterlocking points for the loose yarns as illustrated in Fig. l5.

Now let us assume a single color fabric in whith lccking manner at oneor more points in each unlooped portion. vThe reverse side of such afabric is shown schematically in Fig. 17. Thus the six yarns from yarnIII to |I2.are not regularly looped between wales I I3 and I I 4 but liein the rear of the fabric behind the loops of the yarn fed previously toyarn III. In each of the wales |I5 and I6 the said six loose yarnsaretied or inter'- locked in the manner of Fig. I5 between the loop of theyarn fed previouslyto yarn III and the loop of the yarn fed subsequentlyto yarn II 2. In the lower portion of Fig. 17 the loose yarn sectionsand the tying-in points for the loose yarns are staggered withgrespectto the corresponding parts just described. Thus in wale ||4 at the point|I9 six loose yarns are tied in which yarns do not form loops betweenwales II'I and |I8. Still farther down and yarns are similarlyinterlockedat the point in Wale I I8. Anothery tying-in point for sixloose yarns is shown at point I2I. Thus the sections of the fabrichaving loose yarns can be staggered iny accordance with a preconceivedpattern which will be correspondingly followed bythe tying-in to theright six other loosey points. One type of such a pattern effect isshown in Fig. 18 where the loose yarns extending over a variable numberof wales are shown in relief on the white background which is assumed tobe the regularly looped portion of the fabric. It is of courseunderstood that one may use on the outside of a garment manufactured inaccordance with Fig. 1S the side having the loose yarns. The generaleffect of such a pattern is similar to hand embroidery work superimposedupon a knitted fabric. It will be obvious that the features of Fig. 17and 18 can be carried out with yarn of more than one color where forexample the loose yarns are all of the same color on a knitted fabric ofa contrasting fabric or the various bunches of loose yarns may be ofdifferent colors as may be desired. It is to be understood that in theactual fabric the paths of the loose yarns would be straighter than inthe schematic showing of Fig. 17 between wales |I3 and II4.

However there is a peculiarand desirable distortion when the features ofFig. 17 are appliedv to a fabric in which a group of successively fedyarns of one color alternate with a group of successively fed yarns of asecond color when the wales for the loose yarn portions in one directionare stag-f gered. We have this exemplified in Fig. 19 where each groupof one color consists of four yarns and each group of the other colorhas two yarns. This results in an exaggerated slanting effect mentionedin connection with Fig. 14 second B. The character of the slantingeffect in Fig. l9will be understood by noting that between the blocks Aand D of the same color one will nd ten wales while between blocks B andC there are only four wales;-hence the slanting effect illustrated. InFig. 19 the heavy yarns may be of one color and the lightly drawn linesmay represent yarns of a second color. Each looped portion of a singlecolor when considered across the fabric slopes upwardly from left toright and then the unlooped portions of said single color slope down-4wardly until they begin to form loops again when they start anotherupward slope. VIn the particular portion of the fabricshown in Fig. 19only the' heavy yarns have unlooped portions, the

. lightly drawn yarns looping in allwales. Thus yarns to |28 beginningat the left of the figure form regular loops in eight successive wallsand then pass to the rear ofthe fabric where they are unlooped for tensuccessive wales between wales |29 and |30, loosely lying on the rear ofthe fabric except in Wale I3I where the saidfour yarns are tied'in orinterlocked between loops of the other color yarn as shown in detail inFig. 15. The other groups of four yarns are also unlooped in a slightlydifferent series of wales so that the portions of the fabric containingunlooped yarns of the color of yarn |25 form a stripe which is notvertical but inclined to the right as one proceeds downwardly from thetop of thefigure. The general appearance of a fabric made in accordancewith Fig. 19 is shown in Fig.20. The tucked-in groups of loose yarnsform a slanting configuration from top to bottom, while the stripesacross the fabric between the loose yarn portions are also in a slantingpath. It is obvious that the number of yarns in each stripe shown inFig. 20 may be any desired number and may vary in different portions ofthe fabric if desired.

As noted most of the figures described show lone at a time in rotation,making four loops in stripes |40 to |43 may each be of different color,

each four wales` wide and each stripe having the other color yarns lyingloosely in the rear vof the fabric as in previous figures.

may be a repetition of stripe |40 as to color. In-

termediate vthe stripes may be seen the loose crossingyarns in the rearof the frabric asV at the point |45. l nite spacing' between the lastWale in one stripen o and the first wale in the next stripe produced bythe fact as previously explained that the loops of the said two walesare not interknitted but each acts as the termination of thefabric in`that particular region.` AThat is'the loops in'one stripe are not tiedinto 4theloops of the adjacent stripe.

Fig. `22 is the fronti appearance of 'another fabric forming one type ofthis invention with lengthwise stripessay of two colors fed"`a.lternately six rows at a time, each yarn knitting from wales in each stripe.Thus stripes |50, |5|, may be 'of one color and stripes |52, |53 ofi asecond color, each stripe four wales wide. 'I'he'yarns forming loops instripe |50 lie in the rear lof the fabric until Ythey form loops in thefirst Wale in stripe |5|, `the same thing being truc for the yarns ofthe otherstripes. Theamount of unlooped yarn between ,stripes` of` thesame color is sufficient to produce a definite spacing between adjacentstripes of different colors as shown in the figure. Between adjacentstripes are seer the loose yarns in the rear of the .fabric and in thisparticular figure each set of vsix yarns forming loops in stripes |50,|5| is tied in the first and last wales of each ofthe `stripes |52; |53in theY manner shown in Fig. 15 and each set of six yarns forming loopsin stripes 52, |53 is tied in thefrst and-last wales of each of stripes|50, |5|\. 4If the o |92 in a subsequent row much as in group |64regular looping is done loosely to form al flimsy material the tying-inpoints may Vshow through the fabric slightly when viewed from the frontas is evident in the figure.

Figures 23, 24, and 25 show special treatment of the loose yarn bundleson the rear of the fabric to create a varietyof.desirable'patterneffects bearing in mind that the rearA of the fabricmay be the exposed side in garment manufactured therefrom. d

Fig. 23 schematically represents the rear of a two color fabric when onecolor yarn knits in every wale several rows at a time and where thesecond color yarn knits'for several Wales and then forms loose yarnsonthe back of the fabric. The lightly shaded portion of this figure suchas portion |60 represents loops of one color'yarn, while the blocks suchas block1 |6| represents loops of the second color yarn in a pluralityof rows and wales; The `second color yarnforms loose crossing yarnsbetween adjacent' blocks as o the group of yarns |62 lying in the rearof' loops` of the first color yarn.,V This `group |62 is tied into loopsof the first yarn in the same manner as in Fig. 15 except in a.l row ofloops formed sev- Stripe |44- The effect to be noted is thedefio row andin. Wales between the blocks of loops |83,

|84 of the first yarn, but the said group after forming loops in block|84 is bent back to be tied into loops of theflrst yarn atV the point|68 in a last waleof loops in block |84 and the first WaleV of loops oftheflrst yarn so 'as to leavea hole in the fabric at the point |19, thehole constituting apart of the pattern effect. i y

Still another group |1`| f loose yarns in Fig. 23V between loopblocks|85, |86 is not only tied into the loops of the other color (see Fig.15) in wales between blocks |85 and |86 butis also bent back to be tiedinto the fabric in a row above block |85 and `in a row above b1ock'|86,thereby forming two holes in the fabric'at the points |80,y |8| in themanner previously described. Still another ltype of pattern effect isshown in connection withthe groups |16, |11` of loose yarns in `whichthe group |16 is not tied into the fabric of the first color yarn butgroup |11 is tiedin` at :the point |18 in a row of the first color yarnFig. 23 may bejused in the same or differenti fabrics;

Fig. 24 is an enlarged detail of a modification of Fig. 23 with respectto the .manner in which the loose yarns are tied into the fabric land inparticular it is a modification of the arrangement of groups |16',v |11of that figure.r The ,white background in Fig. 24 is the looped fabric`proper and includes-both color yarn as in Fig. 23. As in all figuresthe lowermost part represents the first formed portion ofthe fabric.Group may be the `upper part of loose yarns tied into the first yarnloops at two separated points |9|,

Fig. 23. The nextgroup-|93 of the loose yarns of the second color beforebeing tied in are pulled `through the loop formed by group .|9050 that'group |93 passes to the rear of the upper section ofgroup |90 and thenis tied intov the first color loops at pomts |94, |95. Similarly group|96 passes through the loop formed by group |93 and then is tied intothe fabric and soon for v'the rest ofthe fabric. Group |91 however isnot tied into the fabric at an intermediate point 'and thereforeresembles group |16, Fig. 23 al-4 though if the fabric` werecontinued itwill be readily apparent that group |91 could be pulled `through loop|98 andlfastened'in the same manas group |64 Fig. 23 are loose enough,that is the yarns are of sufficient length not to` pull the loopedfabric together or to pinch it by reas'on of theirregular pathi taken bythe groups because of the points chosen for their tying-in points. f

`I-Ioweverin 25 the loose yarns for one l coloryarnfare restricted inlength so as to pinch the looped portion in front of them. Anotherdifference is that in Figs. 23 and 24 only one color yarn formsthebundles of loose yarns while4 in Fig. 25 both color -yarns producethe loose yarnv bundles. y d

Referring now to Fig. 25 the rear of the fabric shown therein is of twocolors in which both L.

colors in the left hand portion form loose yarns, one color yarn withsufficient length` not to pinch the fabric but for the other color theloose yarns are short enoughto pinch the fabric, although theillustrated loop lformation is thev primary cause of the bulging.disclosed. Thus the groups such as 200, 20| are like the bundles in Fig.16, substantially straight, tied in at two points in the loops of thesecond color yarn. Each bundle 200, 20| comprises several yarns, six oreight for example and these bundles are of sullicient length that theydo notpinch the looped fabric in front of them. The bundles at the leftsuch as bundle 205 are of the same color. The yarns which are in loosebundles in section 202 form regular loops in the front of the fabricinpsections. 203 and 204, but the regular loop Wales in these twosections are pinched together so as to form pleats or vertical ridges inthe front of the fabric separated by valleys.4 'I'hus in section 203 theyarns which form regular loops in sections 202, 206 are unlooped in theordinary sense and form interconnected bundles of yarns such as bundle2| in the same manner as in Fig. 24 except that each bundle may be tiedinto the'jfront'reg'ular loops in only `one point. is tied in a rowconsiderably above its normal position giving a loop formation so thatthe pulling up of eachv bundle to its intermediate interlocking pointcauses the regularly looped por-` tion to bulge out as shown in Fig. 26(a crosssection of Fig. 25) where portion 2|0 is the regularly Aloopedbut bowed out portion of section 203 (Fig. 25 and character 2||represents one of the loose yarn bundles of that section. Section 204 issimilar to section 203 except that both color yarns form in turn avertical row of loose yarn bundle loops as in section 203. 'Ihat is therow 2|5 of loose bundle loops is made up of yarn` which forms theregular front loops insection 202 while the regular front loops in frontof bundles 2|5 is yarn which form vbundles 20|, etc. in section 202.T'he two color yarns are in reverse position in row 2| 8, row 2|1 is thesame as row 2 I5, and soon. Thus in front of the fabric of Fig. 25 wehave vertical pleats of jersey stitchesseparated by flat jersey portionssuch as section 202 when desired.r In the rear of the fabric the looseyarns may form substantially straight bundles as in section 202 or theymay be interconnected to form a chain of loops of the' yarn bundles asin Fig. 24 except pinching the fabricto form lthe pleats. The.arrangement of Fig. 25 may of course vbe applied equally well to morethan two color yarns.

Certain principles should be emphasized in the disposition of the looseyarns in the rear of the fabric. Let us assume for illustration a fourlcolor fabric wherethe colors are fed successively one at a time to formvertical stripes of the four colors,V each stripe say of six Wales, andwhere no attempt is made to bundle the loose yarns in any section. Inthe section therefore of the rst color, the second color will pass tothe rear of six Wales and the question can be raised as to in how manyWales and what Wales the second color should betied in as in Fig. 17. Ingeneral it is preferred not to skip more than three wales before tyingin the loose second color yarnand an attractive eiect can be obtained byskipping three wales, then tying-in in two or three successive wales,then lying loose behind the next three Wales and so on until the Wale isreached Where the second yarn begins forming front loops; That is, it isdefinitely contemplated that it will be frequently desirable to tie inthe Each bundle in section 203 loose yarns in two or more contiguousWales. The observations made .above about the second color yarn willapply of course to the other color yarns ofthe fabric.

The above principles are exemplified in Fig. 27 which representsdiagrammatically the various types of tying-in that maybe used say in afour color fabric. Section 220 may represent a stripe yof the firstcolor six'wales Wide, While section 22| may represent a similar six Walestripe of a second color, the two stripes being slightly spaced apart asexplained in connection with Fig. 21. 'Ihe stripes of the other twocolors are not shown but may be assumed to be the same. The horizontallines across the wales do not represent all of the loose yarns in theback of the fabric but each is intended to represent a color yarn whichdoes not form regular loops in either section 220 or 22| and ,theA saidlines are intended to represent alternative ways of tying in the looseyarn in Wales of each stripe. Thus yarn 222 is interlocked in the fourthWale of section 220 and also in the fourth Wale of section 22|. Thismethod Will not always be desirable as one will note that the yarn isuntied in five successive wales, two in section 220 and the first threein section 22|. The interlocking of yarn 223 is more advantageous beingtied to the fabric in fourth and sixth wales of both sections. Yarn 224is tied inthe first and fifth Wales of both sections; yarn 225 isinterlocked in' the last three vwales of both sections; and yarn 226 istied in -the last two Wales of both sections. Note that it Will beoccasionally desirableto interlock the loose yarn in two or moresuccessive Wales of the same row. The interlocking for yarns 222 and 226are the least desirable of those shown since they'skip more than threewales between tying-in points. It will be obvious how the principlesdisclosed in Fig. 27 may be embodied in the various types of fabricpreviously described.

While this invention is directed to the fabric rather than to its methodof manufacture it is thought advisable to refer in general terms to theneedle manipulation required to produce this invention, although suchWill be apparent to those `skilled in the art by reference lto thedrawings straight path over the retracted groups of needles.

In a Well known manner, as .by sinkers, these loops and the straightyarn are pushed back With the fabric to thereafter permit any needle orgroups of needles to be advanced.

Thus in case the yarn in the next yarn carrier is to repeat the patternjust set up on the needles the same groups of needles Will be separatedout and caused to knit another row of loops, and the yarn Will againpass over the retracted needles, which still retain the original loops.This may be repeated a number of times, and While the loops continue toform in the selected and separated groups, the looseyarns over thecontinuously retracted groups will be crowded together between thefabric held by these groups and the sinkers to form bundles. After sayfour or six yarns have been thus bundled and by the sinkers are being*pushedv back over` the `[top of vmay-now be `separated out andadvancedin front of the bundles to receivethe next yarn and cause it `toform loops with the original loops retained bythese needles until now,this knitting continuing the fabric formerlyproduced byp'these groups ina uniformmanner as far as the `front* of the fabric is concerned; andthis knitting may be further continued without disturbance `from theloose f yarns on the back of the fabric which now have passed over thetopfof ,the needle cylinder. During this yprocedure the. formerly se,Alected groups may `of course beheldin fully retracted position to permitthe formation of bundles of loose yarns, or they partake in theknittingso that all needles will be producing straight jersey cloth. Y.

' in which two types of yarn knit loops, then one" type of yarn ceases`newly formed loop, as

When it is desired to tie the loose yarns, whether they. are single`yarns or bundles, Minto the fabric proper by interlocking in accordancewith my U. S. patent above referred to, a needle within the idlinggroups is selected for each such` tie and separated out by a prearrangedpattern setting at the same time the selection is `made of the activeneedle groups; these tie needles by special provision, as by specialbutt configuration, are advanced to anintermediate position whenposition, and thus .will receive the loose yarns without casting theoriginal loops or such loose yarns which are heldunder the hook. The tieneedles may thus be retracted and advanced `simultaneously with theactive needles without formation of loops and receive at eachadvancement va loose yarn. When a bundle has been formed theftie needleswill partake in the movements of the formerly idling needles,withwhichthey are grouped. Thus vin' the first movement to fully fadvanced position the tie needle willcast its original loop as well asthe bundled. yarns, and

the other needles of these groups will advance in frontL of the bundledyarns which are being f the sinker action `and will `cast next yarn thuswill knit onall held back by their loops; the

these needles, the loop on each tiel needle passing down 1 through thesemi-loop formation of the yarn bundle, and the yarn bundle thereafterpassfabric interlocked within the ingV on into the interlooping portionsofthe original loop and the described for a `single yarn in'my abovementioned patent.` Thereafter the tie needles `operate with theirassociatedneedles to form regular jersey stitches. l

Fig. 28 represents in general the rear of a fabric like Fig. 8 with theloose yarns tied-in-as in Fig. 15 butywith a further modification.-Assuming the` space between two Vvertical lines represents a Wale,beginning? at the` left, there are five wales forming loops and formsbundles of loose yarns in the rear of the fabric for several wales lyingbehind regular loops of the second type of yarn and thesebundles areshown at 230 and 23|. Assume that the length of bundle 230 is ten walesor ten knitting needles on a knitting machine and that the two middleneedles of such a group are omitted or made inoperative. This wouldresult in long unknitt'ed yarns of the second type in the front of thefabric corresponding to the two inoperative needles and this isindicated 'by the horizontal lines in the yarns, etc. It

from of bundles 23o, 23|. The fabric of Fig. 28 therefore has `thepreviously described yarn `bundles in the rear and non-bundled unknitted-color may be fed to. form eight successive rows in ,yarns `for adefinite distance in the front in the section `236 eachfrow saysevenwales wide after which only one yarn ofthe second color is fedandthen again eight successive rows of the first color,

alternating in this manner. Insection 236 the single fed yarn of thesecond color such as yarn 231 does'not form loops but is carried in therear` of thefabric asinany of the previous figures..

Then in section 233 each grou'plofeight yarns of j the first colorisunknitted but forms yarn bundles in the rear of the fabric suchas bundle239 as in Fig. 16 or 17. If we assume that portion 238 is normally sixwales wide or six needles wide it will be seen that eachsecond coloryarn such as yarn `231 knits regular loops in only `the first and sixthwales, the needles for the intervening fourl i :wales being inoperativeso that in the said first `,and sixth wales long loops are formed andthese long loops serve to tie into bundles the loose yarns of the firstcolor crossing portion 238. The speci- L 1 fied first and sixth `walesare designated as 240 the active needles are moved to the fullyadvanced\ and 24|. `In between wales 204 and 24| each yarn of the secondcolor since it is notknitted in the intervening wales is merged intoeach bundle such -as bundle 23 9.until wale 24|` is reached where it thedefinite separation of the stripes of the pres `dominating yarn Vsuchasstripesf236, 243. `The 5,

yarnof .the so-called second color may of course be thei sameas thef'rstcolor, except treated difs ferently,` in the knitting. s

`In the aboveedescription of the various figures it has been convenientto describe differently treated, yarns asbeing` of different colors.Such however is notessentialas they `may, be different i in some othercharacteristic such as texture, `maf terial or size,silk or` wool yarns,heavy and thin f is of course to be understood that ifdesiredthedifferently treated yarns may have identical characteristics, the variedAtreatments merely giving a patternefect in a `fabric of a single color.For example it may be desirable to have Figs. 8` and 12 of a singlecolor.` to be understood that this invention is `capable of embodiments,differing widely from those described above for illustrative purposes,without It is also departing in any wise from the spirit of this in- ,e

vention as defined from the appended claims.

Certain of the subject matter disclosed herein is disclosed and claimedin a divisional application Ser. No. '756,741 filed Dec. 10, 1934.

What is claimed is:

1. A knitted fabric comprising yarn knitted into loops in a plurality ofwales and rows, one section of said fabric comprising a first yarn groupknitted into regular-.front loops in more than two successive wales, asecond yarn group knitted into regular front loops in more than twosuccessive eliminated and` are incorporated in `with the 40 givensection, said sections being disposed across the fabric parallelto aWale, said rst yarn group lying loosely behind the loops in said secondand third sections at least for a plurality ofadjacent wales withoutforming any front loops in said second and third sections,'saidsecondyarn group lying loosely-behind the loops in said rst and thirdsections at least for a plurality of adjacent wales without forming anyfront loops in said rst and third sections, said third yarn group lyingloosely behind the loops in said first and second sections at least foray plurality of f adja- Y cent wales without forming any front loops insaid rst and second sections, aloose yarn of said first yarn group inthe rear of said second section being.y caught in the fabric in at leastone Wale of saidsecond section and being caught in the fabric in atleastone Wale vof said third section.

2. A knittedv fabric comprising yarn knitted into loops in a pluralityof wales and rows, one section of said fabric comprising a first. yarngroup knitted into regular front loops in morethan two successive wales,a second yarn group knitted into regular front loops in more than twosuccessive Wales in a second section of the fabric, a third yarn groupknitted into regular front loops in vmore than two successive wales in athird section of the fabric, said sections being disposed across thefabric parallel to a Wale, said third yarn group being followed by afourth yarn group knitted into front loops in'said rst section,saidfourth yarn group being followed by a fth yarn group knitted intofront loops in said second section, said fifth yarn group being followedby a sixth yarn group knitted into loops in said third section, whereany mentioned group may comprise only one yarn knitted in one row in agiven sectionjsaid first Aand fourth yarn groups lying loosely behindthe loops in said second and third sections at least for a plurality of`adjacent Wales withoutforming'any front loops in said second and thirdsections, said second and fifth yarn groups lying loosely behind theloops in said rst and third sections at least for a plurality ofadjacent wales without forming any front loops in said first and thirdsections, said third and sixthv yarn groups lying loosely behind theloops in said rst and second sections at least for a plurality ofadjacent wales without forming front loops in said rst andsecond-sections, the loose yarnsof said first and fourth yarn'groups inthe rear of said second section being caught inthe fabric in a wale ofsaid second section and caught in the fabric in a Wale of saidthirdsection. l v

3. A knitted fabric in accordance with claim 2 in which the loose yarnsof said rst group and the loose yarns of said second groupin the rear ofsaid third sectionare caught together in the fabric between loops inadjacent rows of one Wale of said third section.

4. A knitted fabric in accordance with claim 2 in which said firstsection'is at least ve wales wide and the said second and third yarngroups each comprises a single yarn whichis caught in the rear of saidrst section in one Wale between the same loops in adjacent rows.

5. A multicolor fabric of at least three colors, yarns of one colorforming loops in a plurality of wales vand rows in one section of thefabric, yarns of a second vcolor forming loops in a plurality ofwales-and rows in a second section, yarns'of a third color forming loopsin a plurality of wales and rows in a third section, said sections beingdisposed across the fabric parallel to a row, said yarns of each colorlying loosely behind the loops of every other color at. least for aplurality of adjacent wales in those sections where said each colorforms no front loops, one yarn of said first color and one yarn of saidsecond color being interlocked together in the rear of the fabric inoneWale of said third section between loops `of adjacent rows of the thirdcolor yarn.

6. A multicolorfabric of at least three colors, one section comprisingyarns of one color forming regular front loops in a plurality of rowsfor more than two successive wales, a second section comprising yarns ofa second color forming regular front loops in certain of said rows andfor more than two successive wales, yarns of a third color vformingregular front loops in certain of said rows and for more than twosuccessive wales, the yarns of each color at least for a plurality ofadjacent wales lying loose in the back of said fabric in those waleswhere another color yarn formsloops, vsaid loose yarns being interlockedin the rear of the fabric at least once in each color section.

7. A multicolor fabric in accordance with claim 6 in which one yarn ofsaid first color and one yarn of said second color are interlockedtogether-between adjacent loops in one wale of saidthird color section.

8. A multicolor fabric of at least three colors having one sectioncomprising yarns of only one color knittedinto loops in a plurality ofrows for at least ve wales, a second section comprising yarns of only asecond color'knitted into loops ve wales next to said first ve Wales, athird color section comprising yarns of only a third color knitted intoloops in certain of said pluralty of rows for at least ve wales next tosaid second five wales, each yarn of each color lying loosely behind thefabric for a majority of the wales of the other colors but interlockedin the rear of the fabric in at least one Wale in each of the othercolor section, said interlocking for each specied yarn comprising beingcaught in the rear of the fabric between the upper part of one loop andthe lower part of another loop in the same Wale.

VINCENT LOMBARDI.

vin certain of said plurality of rows for at least

